1、Passage One    Crossing Wesleyan University’s campus usually requires walking over colorful messages chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. It’s not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd (淫荡的) references to professors’ sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word “Nig” that African-American students say make them feel uncomfortable.    In response, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass（侵扰）. In the process, they’re butting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate.    Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and lewd tone, Bennet decided to act. “This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learning,” Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution saying the “right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards.”    Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring.    At a meeting held by the “Committee on Healthy Diversity” last week, the school’s Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of “severe or pervasive conduct” by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnicity(种族划分）.    Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. “Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived as very unpleasant by another student continues uninterrupted,” says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law town meeting last week. 36. What is the typical scene found in the campus of Wesleyan University? A. Pieces of chalk are scattered everywhere on the ground. B. There are some meeting announcements on the billboard. C. All kinds of messages are written on the paths. D. Some people are shocked by the meeting announcements. 37. From the passage we can see that ______. A. officials and students are debating whether they should have free speech. B. in the past decade, people did not have any freedom of speech. C. some students are attacked politically as targets. D. officials and students are discussing ways of avoiding offending messages. 38. Mr. Bennet ______. A. has gotten used to seeing messages on the billboard. B. thinks that it is not acceptable to have chalkings on the ground in an institution of higher learning. C. is looking for a good policy which can guide the way of students’ message posting. D. has decided to chalk some messages to fight against the harassing ones. 39. The essential of the problem is to ______. A. stick up for free speech B. cleanse the academic setting C. cut the throat of free speech D. please the minorities 40. What is the policy adopted by many schools after heated debating? A. It is for the universities to clamp down on speech concerning racist comments or other forms of inappropriate ideas. B. It is to teach students to learn how to express themselves more clearly. C. It is to give the minority groups the right to speak freely. D. It is to urge students to discuss problems concerning race, religion, national origin and ethnicity.

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2、Passage Two     To get from Kathmandu to the tiny village in Nepal, Dave Irvine-Halliday spent more than two days. When he arrived, he found villagers working and reading around battery-powered lamps equipped with light-emitting diodes, or LEDs -- the same lamps he had left there in 2000.     Irvine-Halliday, an American photonics engineer, was not surprised. He chose to use LED bulbs because they are rugged, portable, long-lived, and extremely efficient. Each of his lamps produces a useful amount of illumination from just one watt of power.Villagers use them about four hours each night, then top off the battery by pedaling a generator for half an hour. The cool, steady beam is a huge improvement over lamps still common in developing countries. In fact, LEDs have big advantages over familiar incandescent（白炽的）lights as well—so much so that Irvine-Halliday expects LEDs will eventually take over from Thomas Edison’s old lightbulb as the world’s main source of artificial illumination.     The dawn of LEDs began about 40 years ago, but early LEDs produced red or green glows suitable mainly for displays in digital clocks and calculators. A decade ago, engineers invented a semiconductor crystal made of an aluminum compound that produced a much brighter red light. Around the same time, a Japanese engineer developed the first practical blue LED. This small advance had a huge impact because blue, green, and red LEDs can be combined to create most of the colors of the rainbow, just as that in a color television picture.     These days, high-intensity color LEDs are showing up everywhere such as the traffic lights.. The reasons for the rapid switchover are simple. Incandescent bulbs have to be replaced annually, but LED traffic lights should last five to yen years. LEDs also use 80 to 90 percent less electricity than the conventional signals they replace. Collectively, the new traffic lights save at least 400 million kilowatt-hours a year in the United States.     Much bigger savings await if LEDs can supplant Mr. Edison’s bulb at the office and in the living room. Creating a white-light LED that is energy-saving, cheap and appealing has proved a tough engineering challenge. But all the major lightbulb makers—including General Electric, Philips, and Osram-Sylvania—are teaming up with semiconductor manufacturers to make it happen. 41. From the first paragraph, we can see that Dave Irvine-Halliday ______. A. is a mountain climber B. went to that village to repair the lamps C. found the villagers were using the lamps he had given them. D. has visited the small village several times. 42. The author implies that villagers liked LED bulbs very much, because they ______. A. were given by Irvine-Halliday B. are rugged C. are cheap D. are easily-recharged 43. What does Irvine-Halliday think of LEDs? A. They are cool and steady, but rugged. B. They will replace Edison’s lightbulbs someday. C. They are easily maintained D. They are very cheap. 44. Which of the following statements does not agree with the facts in the passage? A. The displays in digital clocks and calculators are just produced by early LEDs. B. Irvine-Halliday believes that LED will certainly become the world’s main source of artificial light. C. A decade ago, engineers developed red and blue LEDs, which were regarded as a milestone in this research. D. It is the blue LED developed by a Japanese engineer that had a great impact on the research process. 45. The passage implies that ______. A. LED bulbs are still expensive at present B. the task of making LED the main source of artificial light is too difficult C. LED traffic lights are used everywhere in the world D. In order to fulfill the task of making LED the main light source, lightbulb makers have to work together with semiconductor manufacturers

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3、Passage Three    Before high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how she’d had to clean cake out of the corners of her house after her 2-year-old son’s birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail message that Rugh sent to the 145 students she’s teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nation’s leading online high schools. The school’s motto is “any time, any place, any path, any pace.”    Florida’s E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their family’s clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Florida’s southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body.    The great majority of Florida Virtual Schoolers–80 percent–are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they barely passed the first time. The school’s biggest challenge is making sure that students aren’t left to sink or swim on their own. After the school experienced a disappointing course completion rate of just 50 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she calls “relationship-building,” asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped: The completion rate is now 80 percent.    Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-face contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite opportunities for online chats, some virtual students say they’d prefer to have more interaction with their peers.    Students and parents are quick to acknowledge that virtual schooling isn’t for everyone. “If your child’s not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a nightmare,” says Patricia Haygood of Orlando, whose two daughters are thriving at the Florida school. For those who have what it takes, however, virtual learning fills an important niche. “I can work at my own pace, on my own time,” says Hackney. “It’s the ultimate in student responsibility.” 46. Kimberly Rugh Talked about her son’s birthday party ______. A. with her friends B. with her colleagues C. in the classroom D. in an E-mail massage sent to her students 47. “Any time, any place, any path, any pace” is ______. A. what taken as the guiding principle of the Florida Virtual School B. words placed at the beginning of a book or a chapter C. a slogan put on the wall D. words used in advertisements 48. From this passage, we can find the following facts except that ______. A. the students at the Florida Virtual School hail from places in or out of the U. S. B. the students at the online schools can take classes at any time. C. the online schools provide a variety of training from tennis to music. D. among the students of FVS, there are some very advanced or backward ones. 49. The challenge of the school is ______. A. how to teach the students to swim well B. how to make the students more active in their learning C. to complete “the relationship-building” ahead of time D. to urge the teachers to go to the office more often 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. Online schooling is more convenient and efficient. B. Online schooling lacks in face-to-face contact and socialization. C. Online schooling is not for everyone. D. An overall estimate on online schooling.

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4、Passage Four     In the wake of 11 September, Visionics, a leading manufacturer, issued a fact sheet explaining how its technology could enhance airport security. They called it “Protecting civilization from the faces of terror”. The company’s share price skyrocketed, as did the stocks of other face-recognition companies, and airports across the globe began installing the software and running trials.     As the results start to come in, however, the gloss (光滑表面) is wearing off. No matter what you might have heard about face-recognition software, Big Brother it ain’t.     The concern was based largely on an independent assessment of face-recognition systems carried out in 2000 in the US by the Department of Defense. These tests found that to catch 90 per cent of suspects at an airport, face-recognition software would have to raise a huge number of false alarms. One in three people would end up being dragged out of the line -- and that’s assuming everyone looks straight at the camera and makes no effort to disguise himself. Results from the recent airport trials would seem to justify that concern.     Most face-recognition systems use some kind of geometric technique to translate a picture of a face into a set of numbers that capture its characteristics. Once it has identified these boundaries, the software calculates their relative sizes and positions and converts this geometry into what Visionics calls a “faceprint”. Feed the software a series of mugshots (通缉犯), and it’ll calculate their faceprints. Then it can monitor live CCTV images for the faces of known suspects. When it finds a match, it raises an alarm.     Even if the system does manage to capture a face, the problems aren’t over. The trouble is that a suspect’s faceprint taken from live CCTV is unlikely to match the one in the database in every detail. To give themselves the best chance of picking up suspects, operators can set the software so that it doesn’t have to make an exact match before it raises the alarm. But there’s a price to pay: the more potential suspects you pick up, the more false alarms you get. You have to get the balance just right.     Despite the disappointing tests, some people insist that face-recognition technology is good enough to put terrorists off. After all the claims and counter-claims, with no one able to discern（洞察） the truth, the industry may soon have to face up to reality. 51. The first paragraph tells us that ______. A. Visionics produced the best face-recognition software enhancing airport security B. Visionics’s stocks rose in price C. the airports were satisfied with the software D. Visionics’s software was a great success 52. The second paragraph implies that ______. A. the surface of the software is not smooth B. there is a series of face-recognition software products C. the software turns out to be inefficient D. the software is not durable 53. What is the fatal defect of the system according to the U.S. Department of Defense? A. Too many false alarms were raised. B. Everyone should look straight at the camera. C. Only 90% of suspects at an airport were found. D. Everyone should not disguise himself. 54. What makes it so hard for the face-recognition systems to work effectively? A. The computers are not so advanced. B. The faceprints of the mugshots fed in the computers are never identical with those of real persons. C. It is very hard for the operators to learn to control the system. D. People seldom look straight at the camera. 55. In the last paragraph, the author points out that ______. A. any way, the face-recognition technology is good enough to frighten the terrorists. B. the industry will have to recognize the real situation and work hard to improve the technology. C. all the claims are premature. D. we must not expect too much.

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5、Passage Five     Do you know that all human beings have a “comfortable zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.     Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.     This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue, or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!     Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfortable zone” for talking, they communicate, a great deal with their hands--not only with gestures but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child’s head in affection, they readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people--especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries--such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simply left handed and use that hand more.) 56. In terms of bodily distance, North Americans ______. A. are similar to South Americans B. stand farthest apart C. feel ill at ease when too close D. move nearer during conversations 57. For Asians, the comfortable zone ______. A. is deliberately determined B. measures 21 inches C. varies according to status D. implies esteem 58. It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowed elevator, a Frenchman would ______. A. behave in the same way as an American would B. make no particular effort to distance himself C. be afraid of bodily contact D. do his best to leave 59. When Americans tell a joke, they often ______. A. pat people on the head B. give people a hug C. dig people in the ribs D. touch people on the arm 60. What does the passage mainly concern? A. It concerns distance and bodily contact. B. It concerns body language. C. It concerns cultural differences between the East and the West D. It concerns hand signals 答案：CDCBA  C D B C A   DACBD  BCABB  CDBCA